Culture+People&Events+MC

=People And Events:=
 * Intro || Summary  || Maps  || People&Events  || Opinion  || Sources  ||

First evidence of people settling along the Nile Delta || (2920 - 2770) || During this time the capital at Memphis was founded. Papyrus was invented. Writing was used by the government. Many impressive artifacts have been found from this period. || (2770 - 2650) || After much rivalry for the throne Hetepsekhemsy won. At this time the kings disagreed over which god, Horus and Seth, was in power. This was finally settled when Khasekhemwy became ruler. He took both titles. Disorder erupted during the end of this dynasty. There could have been a civil war. || (2575-2467) || During this dynasty there was a great peace. The kings were able to put their energies in art. King Khufu's Great Pyramid of Giza was built. People prayed to the sun god Re. The first religious words were written on the walls of the royal tombs. || || For the first time high officials came from people outside of the royal family. The pyramids begin to be smaller and less solid. However, the carvings in the temples were of great quality. Papyrus scrolls from this time have been discovered. They showed record keeping of goods. || (2323-2152)** || Many records of trading expeditions have been discovered from this period. || (2150 - 2135) || The political structure of the Old Kingdom collapsed. There was famine, civil disorder, and a high death rate. || (2135 - 1986) || Egypt split into the north, ruled from Herakleopolis, and the south, ruled from Thebes. || (2074-1937) || Prosperous period with much foreign trade. Many large building projects. Skilled jewelry making. The government became strong with King Amenemhet I's rule. **11th Dynasty** Egypt was unified once again under the rule of Metuhotep. He built an exceptional mortuary complex at Dyr al-Bahri. || (1937-1756) || Amenemhet moved the capital back to Memphis. Sesostris II reorganized Egypt into 4 regions (northern and southern halves of the Nile Valley and eastern and western Delta). || (1783-1539) || Few monuments from this period survived. Each king reigned for only a short time. Some of these kings were born commoners. The eastern Delta region broke away during this time. || (1539-1295) || Ahmose finally beat the Hyksos and sent them out of Egypt. This dynasty had a number of strong rulers. (1295-1186) || Seti I restored many monuments. His temple at Abydos has some of the most superior carved wall relief. Many battles and treaties were written between Egypt and Asiatic powers. || (1186-1069) || Setakht restored order to the country. Ramesses III was one of the greatest kings. || (1070-945) || The kings weakened, and Egypt was no longer a world power. Civil war and foreign invaders tore Egypt apart. The capital moved from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to Sais, and then back to Nubia and Thebes. || (712-657) || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">The Nubians fell under the Assyrians invasion. The Greeks helped re-establish order. A renaissance in the arts of the 25th Dynasty showed a return to the Old Kingdom style. || (525-404) || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**The Persian Conquest** The Persians invaded and ruled Egypt. They were pushed out in 404 B. C. || (404 -399) || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Amytravios retakes Egypt from Persia || Confusing time with many co-regencies. Alexandria became the new capital. It was home to the greatest library of the ancient world. Egypt was powerful until Cleopatra died. Egypt was then ruled by Rome. || After Cleopatra and Antony committed suicide in 30 B. C. Egypt was ruled by the Romans. Egypt does not have another Egyptian ruler for 2000 years. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">5000 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">4400 - 4000 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Babarian culture- people practiced agriculture and domesticated sheep and goats, -- known for pottery ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">4000 - 3500 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Amratian Society of Upper Egypt - first signs of hierarchical civilization ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">3200 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Hieroglyphics developed ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">3110 - 2884 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Menes joined Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom with the capitol at Memphis ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">3000 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Irrigation increased farmland, people worship the sun ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">3000 - 2890 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1st Dynasty kings buried in first royal tombs at Abydos ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**1st Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2890 - 2686 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Wooden coffins and corpses wrapped in resin ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**2nd Dynasty**
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 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2686 - 2648 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Step Pyramid at Saqqara built by King Djoser ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**4th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2550 - 2490 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Khufu (Cheops), Khephren (Chephren), and Menkare build great pyramids ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2494 - 2487 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">King Userkaf builds temple for sun god Ra at Abusir. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**5th Dynasty**(2465-2323)
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2375 - 2345 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">The Pyramid Texts describe Osiris ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2420 - 2258 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Pepi I and Pepi II rule - government weakens ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**6th Dynasty
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2160 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Capitol moves from Memphis to Herakleopolis in northern Middle Egypt - Upper Egypt controlled by Theban rulers. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**7th and 8th Dynasties**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**9th and 10th Dynasties**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**11th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">2134 - 2000 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Capital moved to Thebes - Egypt is reunited by Mentuhotep II ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1985 - 1956 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Amenemhat I begins trade with Asia and the Aegean ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1956 - 1911 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Collection of letters from a farmer to his family written describing family and agricultural life ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1956 - 1911 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Senusret I builds temple of Karnak at Thebes ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**12th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1877 - 1870 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Senusret II builds Faiyum irrigation scheme ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**13th, 14th, 15th, 16th, & 17th Dynasties**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1700 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Earliest evidence of diagnostic medicine ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1650 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Capital moved to Thebes - Extensive building ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1650 - 1580 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">spells known as the Book of the Dead first appear ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1560 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">War between Thebes and Asiatic ruler ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**18th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Thutmose I conquered parts of the Near East and Africa.
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Hatshepsut and Thutmose made Egypt a super power.
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Amenhotep II began an artistic revolution.
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Akhenaton and Nefertiti began a new religion with one god.
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Tutankhamen reigned. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1532 - 1528 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Asiatic kings conquer capital of Hyksos ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1504 - 1492 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Thutmose I begins military campaigns ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1380 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Building of the Temple of Luxor by Amenhotep III ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1367 - 1350 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Rule of Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) - changed from a polytheism to a monotheistic society ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1336 - 1327 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Reign of Tutankhamon ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**19th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1279 - 1213 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Ramses II begins building projects - including his mortuary temple The Ramesseum (on the West Bank near Luxor) ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**20th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1186 - 1089 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Royal Tombs in the Valley of the Kings plundered ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**21st Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1069 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Civil War ||
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 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">984 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Osorkon the Elder becomes the first Libyan pharaoh ||
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 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">730 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Conquest of Egypt by Kush under Kashta and then Piankhy ||
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 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**25th Dynasty**
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 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Mid 650s BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Psamtek I drives off Assyrian invaders and defeats Kushite kings ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">610 - 595 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Nekau Ii begins to construct a canal from Nile to the Red Sea ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**27th Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">525 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Persians invade Egypt, Cambyses defeats the Egyptians at the Battle of Pelosium ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">510 - 497 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">King Dauius completes the canal from the Nile to the Red Sea ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**28th Dynasty**
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 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">343 - 342 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Artaxerxes I of Persia retakes Egypt ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">332 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Alexander the Great invades Egypt ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">331 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Alexandria is founded ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">323-30 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Ptolemaic Dynasty**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">300 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">The Temple of Isis was built on the island of Philae in the Nile River. ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">31 BC || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Queen Cleopatra VII and Mark Anthony are defeated - Octavian enters Egypt beginning Roman rule ||
 * || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">**Roman Emperors**
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">395 - 641 AD || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Egyptian hieroglyphic writing is no longer used - People can no longer understands its symbols ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">641 AD || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Egypt conquered by Muslin Arabs ||
 * <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">1822 AD || <span style="font-family: Comic Sans MS,Arial;">Rosetta Stone helps Jean Francois Chompollion break the hieroglyphic code. ||